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ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry. Scientific
Articles. 2007. 49. p. 3-13
UDK 636.1.082
DIVERSITY OF SADDLE HORSES IN
LITHUANIA AND POPULATION ANALYSIS BY PEDIGREE
Rūta Šveistienė
Institute of Animal Science of LVA,
R. Žebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliškis distr., Lithuania
Summary
In Lithuania saddle horses are bred as an open population when sports
horses are bred by only sustaining the structure of the genetic nucleus.
In 1999, after selection of the present stud horses and local mares, a
pedigree group of horses was started. In 2000 and 2005, respectively,
the first and second volumes of studbooks were prepared and are
supplemented every year. The population of saddle horses in Lithuania
can be divided into six main related groups according to the
distribution by genotype, i.e. Hanoverian – 38.7%, Trakehner – 27,4%,
Holstein – 7.3%, Thoroughbred – 5.4%, Budenny – 11.9%, Arab – 3.2% and
other – 6%. The analysis of the Studbooks indicates that out of 86
stallions listed in the Studbooks, 73.2% were used for breeding. 48.3%
of stallions born in Lithuania and 51.7% of imported ones were used for
breeding. 1095 foals, including 518 horse foals and 577 mare foals, were
born from the stallions listed in the studbooks. The main body
measurements of stallions and mares were very different, i.e. height at
withers of stallions ranges from 151 to 171 cm and that of mares from
148-194 cm.
Inbreeding in Lithuania was mostly used to produce purebred Arab (66.6%)
and Trakehner (27.7%) horses. 10.5% of Hanoverians sired by moderate
inbreeding are entered into the studbooks of Lithuanian saddle horses.
The founders of the saddle horse population in Lithuania are the
stallions of the classic saddle horse lines: Pilger IC00383 (through the
progeny of 2nd generation 27 Osriak and Einhard), Forpost T44; Agronavt
2192; Cordelabryere 210398168; Langraf I 210391966 (50% Thoroughbred),
Espri 311100481.
Key words: Lithuanian saddle horses, pedigree analysis, inbreeding,
distribution by genotype
ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry. Scientific
Articles. 2007. 49. p. 14-23
UDK 636.4.082
GROWTH AND FATTENING PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT
STRAINS OF LANDRACE AND LARGE WHITE GILTS IN LITHUANIA
Violeta Razmaitė, Nils Lundeheim
Institute of Animal Science of LVA,
R. Žebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliškis distr., Lithuania
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
P.O. Box 7023, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
Summary
Data obtained from the Lithuanian state pig breeding station were used to
evaluate production (growth rate and leanness) of the different strains of
Landrace and Yorkshire, and their crosses. Field performance data was analysed.
The statistical analyses were restricted to data on gilts born in the period
July 1999 to December 2003 Data from 7 herds were included in the statistical
analyses. These herds had at least 2 breeds/breed combinations tested in the
period focused each with at least 100 tested gilts. The statistical analyses
were performed within herd. The statistical model (analysis of variance: (PROC
MIXED) in the SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary; NC, USA) included the
fixed effect of breed/breed combination and the random effect of the combination
of birth year and birth month (3-month grouping. Crossbred gilts (Norwegian
Landrace sired) had 12 and 32.4 g (P<0.001), respectively, higher daily gain
from birth to 100 kg compared with purebred Finnish and German Landrace gilts.
Crossbred gilts (Norwegian Landrace sired) had higher growth rate, compared with
purebred Lithuanian White gilts (28-32 g/day) and English Large White (12g/day).
Landrace gilts, sired by Norwegian Landrace, were leaner than gilts of other
Landrace strains. Crossbred Lithuanian White x Norwegian Landrace gilts had
lower backfat thickness compared with gilts born by Lithuanian White sows mated
with other Landrace strains. Crossbred Yorkshire sired gilts compared with
purebred Norwegian Landrace and Yorkshire gilts were intermediate for backfat
thickness, muscle depth (P<0.001) and lean meat content (P<0.01).
Key words: swine, gilts, backfat thickness, leanness, daily gain
ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry. Scientific
Articles. 2007. 49. p. 24-32
UDK 636.3.082
THE EFFECT OF LAMBING SEASON AND FREQUENCY
ON LOCAL EWE REPRODUCTION AND PROGENY WEIGHT
Birutė Zapasnikienė
Institute of Animal Science of LVA,
R. Žebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliškis distr., Lithuania
Summary
The analysis of the reproduction and progeny growth data collected in 1999-2006
in various flocks of national sheep breeds (local coarsewooled and Lithuanian
Blackface) indicated that 55.43% of local coarsewooled sheep lambed in spring,
22.86% - in winter, 15.43% - in autumn and 6.28% in summer. Meanwhile, most of
Lithuanian Blackface sheep lambed in winter (46.73%), 24.67% - in autumn, 27.66%
- in spring and only 0.94% in summer.
Local coarsewooled sheep that dropped lambs in spring had the highest litter
size (2.01 lambs) and were by 30% more fertile than those lambing in summer and
autumn (P < 0.001) and by 9% more fertile than the ewes lambing in winter.
Meanwhile, the fertility of Lithuanian Blackface sheep (n=530) was almost the
same in different seasons (1.4 lambs), except for the summer lambing ewes (5
ewes dropped on the average 1.2 lambs each).
The progeny of local coarsewooled sheep born in summer had the highest birth
weight of 3.17 kg. Until weaning they surpassed autumn lambs in 2.8 kg (P <
0.05) and weighed approximately 1.6 kg more than the lambs born in winter and
spring. Meanwhile, Lithuanian Blackface sheep dropped the heaviest lambs in
autumn. The weight of the autumn lambs was 0.4 kg higher than that of lambs born
in winter, spring (P < 0.001) and summer (P < 0.01). Until weaning, the highest
weight gains were reached by autumn and winter lambs.
Our study indicated that more frequent lambing had negative effect on the litter
size of both breeds and the progeny weight of local coarsewooled sheep. However,
the lambs of Lithuanian Blackface sheep with the lambing frequency of 8 months
were heavier and gained better until weaning than the lambs of ewes with the 12
– month lambing frequency.
Key words: sheep, reproduction, lambing season, lambing frequency, lamb weight
ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry. Scientific
Articles. 2007. 49. p. 33-39
UDK
636.5.082
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF HENS,
TURKEYS AND GUINEA-FOWLS
Robertas Juodka
Institute of Animal Science of LVA,
R. Žebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliškis distr., Lithuania
Summary
The analysis of non-specific blood serum proteins indicated that high frequency
of alleles PreAl–2B (0.667), PostAlA (0.635), PostTf–2B (0.627), was
characteristic of hens, and the frequencies of alleles PreTf–2A, PreTf–2B, McA,
McB were close to the mean values of the three populations under investigation (difference
– 0.008-0.015). The population of turkeys was distinguished by high frequency of
allele PreAl–1B (0.613), and the frequencies of alleles PreAl–2A, PreAl–2B,
PostTfA, PostTfB, McA, McB were similar to the mean values of the three
populations (difference – 0.010-0.033). High frequencies of alleles PreAl–1A
(0.681), PreAl–2A (0.681), AlB (0.736), PreTfA (0.708) were characteristic of
guinea fowls, while the frequencies of alleles McA and McB were identical to the
mean values of the three populations. Turkey population had the lowest average
actual heterozygosity (0.329), guinea fowls had somewhat higher heterozygosity
(0,437) and the highest heterozygosity was determined for hens (0.509).
The highest genetic identity (0.969) was found between the populations of hens
and turkeys, while the lowest – between hens and guinea fowls (0.928).
Key words: hens, turkeys, guinea fowls, allele frequencies, heterozygosity,
philogenetic relationship
ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry. Scientific
Articles. 2007. 49. p. 40-55
UDK 636.087.2
THE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND
GENOTYPE ON THE ACCUMULATION OF GLUCOSINOLATES IN RAPESEED AND THEIR CONTENT
VARIATION IN RAPESEED CAKE
Bronislava Butkutė, Zenonas Dabkevičius
Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture
Instituto str. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
Summary
The objective of the present study was to investigate glucosinolate content that
can accumulate in Lithuania-grown and imported rapeseed and rapeseed cake and to
estimate the causes of glucosinolate content variation. Having estimated GSL
contents in double low winter and spring rape seed for different varieties,
grown using different agricultural practices, it was found that various factors
affect GSL accumulation in seed. The concentrations of these compounds in the
double low varieties differed several times depending on the factors. Nitrogen
fertilizer tended to reduce glucosinolate concentration in rapeseed, while in
the treatments applied with nitrogen fertilizer with sulphur, glucosinolate
concentration was found to be higher, compared with the treatments applied with
nitrogen fertilizer only. A significant but negative correlation (r-0.570*) was
identified between nitrogen concentration in plants during seed ripening stage
and GSL concentration in seed. The main factor which determines high
glucosinolate contents in seed and later in rapeseed cake is variety type. In
the seed samples supplied by private farms GSL content limited by the standard
LST 1323:2000/1K:2001 set for 1st class food rape and turnip rate, which is 20
µmol g-1 , was exceeded in 78 samples out of 190 tested by 2005, in 7 samples
out of 18 tested in 2005m and in 3 samples out of 17 tested in 2006. In rapeseed
cake and meal GSL variation range was 7-66 µmol g-1. The limited GSL content <30
µmol/g by the EU Commission regulation (EB) No. 1719/2005, was exceeded in 11
samples of 34 tested, in most cases in the samples of seed that had been
imported from CIS.
Key words: rapeseed, rapeseed cake, glucosinolates, agricultural practices
ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry. Scientific
Articles. 2007. 49. p. 56-66
UDK 636.2.084
MILK PRODUCTION AND QUALITY ON FEEDING COWS
COMPOUND FEED WITH RAPESEED CAKE
Virginijus Uchockis, Saulius Bliznikas, Danguolė Urbšienė, Vytautas Tarvydas,
Petras Bendikas
Institute of Animal Science of LVA,
R. Žebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliškis distr., Lithuania
Summary
In 2004, feeding trials with milking cows of the Lithuanian Black-and-White
breed were conducted at the LVA Institute of Animal Science. The average milk
production of the cows on the previous lactation amounted to 5000 kg 4.3% fat
and 3.3% protein milk. Two analogous groups of 6 animals each were used in the
trial. The daily allowance for both groups of cows was the same except for the
composition of the compound feed. The control group of cows was given the
compound feed containing soybean (10%) and sunflower (10%) oil-meal and rapeseed
cake (8%). In the diet for the experimental group of cows, soybean and sunflower
oil-meals were replaced by rapeseed cake (23%). The compound feed was also
supplemented with urea (0.8%). The trials indicated that feeding cows with
different protein feeds had no significant influence on the rumen fermentation
of nitrogenous matter and carbohydrates, also milk yield and milk quality. The
chemical composition of the milk was as usual and the technological properties
of milk were well-suited for the production of butter and cheese.
Soybean and sunflower oil-meal replacement with cheaper local rapeseed cake
resulted in the reduced price for the compound feeds, and the feeds for the
experimental group of cows were 23.2% cheaper. The expenses for production of on
kg 4% fat milk were lower by 21.8%.
Key words: rapeseed cake, compound feed, milking cows, fermentation, rumen
contents, milk quality
ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry. Scientific
Articles. 2007. 49. p. 67-75
UDK 636. 084.085
EFFECT OF FEEDING
SUGARBEET PULP SILAGE ON THE GROWTH OF HEIFERS AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Petras Bendikas, Virginijus Uchockis
Institute of Animal Science of LVA,
R. Žebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliškis distr., Lithuania
Summary
In 2006, a feeding trial with two Lithuanian Black-and-White analogous groups of
breeding heifers of 5 animals each was conducted at the LVA Institute of Animal
Science. The experimental period for heifer growth was from 10 to 14 months of
age. Control heifers were fed daily 1.0 kg hay, perennial grass-vetch-oat
mixture silage ad libitum and 2.0 kg compound feed. Experimental heifers were
offered perennial grass-vetch-oat mixture silage ad libitum in the morning and
sugarbeet pulp silage ad libitum as well as 1.0 kg hay and 1.0 kg compound feed
in the evening. The results from the trial indicated that sugarbeet pulp silage
contained 23.35% dry matter with 10.89 MJ metabolizable energy per kg DM and
118.1 g crude protein. Control heifers gained daily 812 g, while experimental
heifers 783 g or 3.6% less (P > 0.05). During the trial, the growth rate of
heifers was aimed to reach calving age at 23 to 25 months. At the age of 14
months the heifers weighed 347.0 and 345.2 kg, respectively. The heifers in both
groups used almost the same amount of energy per kg gain but the experimental
heifers used 7.8% less digestible protein compared with the control ones. The
price for feeds per tonne weight gain of experimental heifers was 13.7% lower
than that for control heifers.
Key words: sugarbeet pulp silage, breeding heifers, growth, economic efficiency
ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry. Scientific
Articles. 2007. 49. p. 76-86
UDK 636.4.084
EFFICIENCY OF HIGHER CONTENTS OF
MULTIENZYME COMPOSITION IN THE TRITICALE BASED DIETS FOR PIGS
Raimondas Leikus, Jūratė Norvilienė
Institute of Animal Science of LVA,
R. Žebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliškis distr., Lithuania
Summary
At the LVA Institute of Animal Science fattening pigs were used in a trial to
determine the effects of higher contents of multienzyme composition (α-amylase -
100 U/g, β-glucanase – 1100 U/g, cellulase – 11 U/g, xylanase – 1800 U/g,
protease – 1.2 U/g) on weight gains, feed intake, carcass and meat quality of
pigs fed diets containing triticale. The results from the trial indicated that
supplementation of 60-70% triticale containing diets with 0.1% and 0.125% of
multienzyme composition resulted in higher weight gains only in the second
fattening stage (over 50 kg weight) when the pigs gained daily 5-8.3%
(P>0.1-0.4) more and consumed 3.1-5.1% less feeds per 1 kg gain than the control
pigs. There was no significant influence on the growth and feed intake
determined with 0.075% multienzyme composition supplementation of the diets.
The carcass quality of the pigs fed triticale based diets enriched with
multienzyme composition did not differ significantly from that of the control
pigs. There were no significant differences for the physicochemical indicators
of meat when the pigs were fed diets supplemented with 0.075%, 0.1% and 0.125%
multienzyme composition, except that water holding capacity was, respectively,
3.82% (P>0.2), 4.92% (P<0.001) and 4.95% (P<0.001) lower and there was a
tendency for lower colour intensity, respectively, by 19.2 u. (P>0.1), 12.7 u.
(P>0.2) and 20.4 u. (P<0.025).
Keywords: triticale, multienzyme composition, pig growth, feed intake, carcass
quality, chemical composition of meat
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