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Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.4.082.637.5
MEAT AND BACK FAT QUALITY OF LITHUANIAN NATIVE PIGS AND THEIR CROSSBREDS BY VARIOUS COMMERCIAL THREE-WAY HYBRIDIZATION
Violeta Razmaitė and Danguolė Urbšienė
Summary
The analysis of meat quality is important in the studies of biological and farming qualities of Lithuanian native pigs. In order to have leaner crossbred pigs, commercial crossbreeding was carried out with lean Norwegian Landrace, Duroc, Pietrain boars and various three-way crossbreds with even 75% immigration have been obtained. The study was carried out to determine the influence of these breeds on the meat and backfat quality of crossbred Lithuanian native pigs. The study indicated that some indicators of the chemical composition and physicochemical parameters of meat of native pigs were higher than those of crossbred pigs, but not all the differences were statistically significant. The biological value of meat protein of native pigs by tryptophan: oxyproline ratio was higher (P < 0.025 – P < 0.005) than that in all groups of crossbred pigs. According to the total content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the backfat and M. longissimus dorsi fat, only the crossbreds with 25% Norwegian Landrace and 50% Duroc immigration had higher content of saturated (P < 0.001) and lower content of unsaturated (P < 0.001) fatty acids than Lithuanian native pigs. Other groups of crossbred pigs had lower content of saturated and higher content of unsaturated fatty acids. A positive correlation between fat content in the meat and dry matter content (P < 0.05 – P < 0.001) and meat marbling (P < 0.001) has been determined for all groups of pigs.
Key words: meat, M. longissimus dorsi, backfat, quality, fatty acids, correlation
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.4.082.637.5
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT BREEDS ON BIOLOGICAL AND FARMING QUALITIES OF CROSSBRED PIGS
Daiva Ribikauskienė, Asta Klimienė
Summary
In 1997-2000, pigs of the Lithuanian White breed were crossed with the boars of six different genotypes (bacon type Lithuanian White, German Large White, Polish Landrace, Finnish Landrace, Pietrain and Hampshire).
The study indicated that the constitution of Lithuanian White x Pietrain and Lithuanian White x Hampshire crossbred pigs was more characteristic of the meat-type pigs in comparison with purebred Lithuanian Whites. Lithuanian White x Pietrain crossbred pigs had the worst developed internals, yet they had the lowest relative weight of flare fat.
The investigation data indicated that Lithuanian White piglets had the lowest stress-susceptibility (16.3%), while Lithuanian White x Pietrain and Lithuanian White x Polish Landrace crossbreds were most stress-susceptible, respectively, 42.3 and 26.5%. Piglets of the other genotypes were intermediate (17.5-25.9%). It can be concluded that boars of the imported breeds increased stress-susceptibility of crossbreds by 1.2 to 26% compared with purebred Lithuanian Whites. Gilts were more stress-susceptible (17.4-37.5%) in groups 1, 5 and 7, while young boars (21.7-48.3%) in groups 2, 3, 4 and 6.
Key words: pigs breeds, crossbred pigs, crossbreeding, exterior, development of internals, halothane testing, stress-susceptibility
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.4.082.591.1
THE EFFECT OF MYCOTOXIN-NEUTRALIZING PRODUCT TOXY-NIL PLUS DRY ON THE GROWTH RATE AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF BREEDING GILTS
Artūras Šiukščius, Vidmanats Pileckas, Jonas Kutra, Algirdas Urbšys, Rasa Nainienė
Summary
During the trial, Lithuanian White gilts of 6 to 8 month of age and from 80 to 100 kg weight were fed compound feed containing zeralenone at a rate of 0.66 mg/kg feed and feed detoxicated Toxy-Nil Plus Dry (1 kg/tone of feed). The gilts control group was fed with good quality feed.
The study indicated that gilts fed zeralenone (0.66/kg) containing compound feed had longer estrus and standing reflex by, respectively, 4.8 h (11.0 %) and 3.2 h. (16.2 %) (P<0.01), then gilts control group. The volume and weight of ovaries were, respectively, by 6.49 cm3 (40.1%) and 6.32 g (35.2 %) lower than those of gilts fed zeralenone free feed (P<0.05).
The difference in weight gains of gilts fed either zeralenone free, zeralenone contaminated or detoxicated feeds was statistically insignificant (P>0.01).
Key words: gilts, mycotoxins, detoxication, genital organs, growth rate
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.4.082.591.1
THE INFLUENCE OF MYCOTOXIN–NEUTRALIZING PRODUCT TOXY-NIL PLUS DRY ON BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL BLOOD PROFILE
Artūras Šiukščius, Jonas Kutra, Vidmantas Pileckas, Algirdas Urbšys, Rasa Nainienė
Summary
The experiment was carried out to determine the morphological and biochemical profile of blood after 6 to 8-month old Lithuanian White gilts were offered feed detoxicated with the product Toxy-Nil Plus Dry (1 kg / tone feed). The experiment showed that the leukocyte count and erythrocyte count were, respectively, by 5.6% lower and 0.75% higher in the blood of gilts fed detoxicated feed in comparison with the gilts fed mycotoxin-free feed (P>0.1). There was no significant difference between the groups for the biochemical profile of blood (P>0.1).
It can be concluded that the feed detoxicated with Toxy-Nil Plus Dry (1 kg / tone feed) had no influence on the biochemical and morphological profile of blood of gilts.
Key words: gilts, mycotoxins, detoxication, blood, biochemistry, morphology
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.2.084
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF COMPOUND FEEDS IN THE DIETS OF FATTENING BULLS ON SILAGE INTAKE, ANIMAL GROWTH AND METABOLISM PROCESSES
Jonas Jatkauskas, Vilma Vrotniakienė
Summary
Twelve Lithuanian Black-and-White bull calves (n=6 per group) were used in a trial (length – 116 days) to determine the effect of different amounts of compound feeds in their diets on silage intake, growth rate, fermentation processes in the rumen and animal health.
Bull calf in the control and experimental groups consumed on the average 2.986 and 1.493 kg of compound feed, respectively.
When the amount of compound feeds was reduced twice, silage intake in the experimental group has increased by 21% and amounted to 29.33 kg daily. At the same time control bull calves consumed daily on the average 25.25 kg of silage. Increased silage intake in the experimental group had not compensated the reduced amount of compound feeds because the bull calves in this group received daily by 0.52 feed units or 3.11 MJ of metabolizable energy less than control bull calves. Therefore, the daily weight gain of the experimental cull calves was by 12% (978 g) lower than that of control bull calves (1103 g) and feed composition per kg gain was by 5.75% higher. However, experimental bulls consumed less compound feeds per kg gain by 43.9%.
Different amounts of compound feeds in the diets of fattening bulls had no significant influence on the microbiological and biochemical indicators of the rumen contents and the amount of total nitrogen, protein, non-protein and ammonia nitrogen.
The analysis of blood samples indicated that the animals in both groups were healthy.
Key words: compound feed, silage, bull calves, daily gain, volatile fatty acids, pH, biochemical indicators
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 633.16"321":631.524.86
RESISTANCE OF SPRING BARLEY TO NET BLOTCH
Ina Skurdenienė
Summary
The paper presents the results of 1999 year studies on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) foliar disease, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres (Died.) Drechsl. Experiments were conducted at the laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture.
Four hundred twenty seven spring barley cultivars were evaluated for resistance to net blotch caused by P. teres in the field trials. The assessment was made at the soft-tohard dough stages of kernel development (GS 85-87). Estimation of percent net blotch severity (including both chlorotic and necrotic areas) was made according to scale devised by Burleigh and Laubane.
All plants of the genotypes tested became infected.
Barley genotype Aidas was resistance to the net blotch pathogen (disease severity - 0,61%).
Key words: spring barley, resistance, net blotch, varieties
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.5.086
INFLUENCE OF FLAVOMICIN 80 AND PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITION ON THE GROWTH AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN
Semaška Vytautas
Summary
The influence of the Flavomicin 80, Digestarom geflugel Premium-1317 (“Micro-Plus” Germany), and Alternative feed addition on the grow and meat quality of boiler chicken was investigated.
The results showed that under the influence Digestarom geflugel Premium-1317 and Alrenative feed addition the live weight of chickens from the test groups increased by 10.60–11.80%, an average daily weight gain was bigger by 12.01%, and the amount of feed for 1 kg of live weight decreased by 5.73–8.85% as compared to the control group.
Under the influence of Digestarom geflugel Premium-1317 and Alrenative feed additon was determinate bigger amount of the dry matter and proteins in the muscle tissue of broiler male and female.
The bacteriological investigation show, that pathogenic bacteria in the broiler feed and excrement there not determinated.
Keywords: broiler chickens, antibiotic, phytogenic preparation, meat quality
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK
NUTRITIVE VALUE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE GRASS STAND OF CULTIVATED PASTURE AT DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION
Stanislovas Marčiauskas
Summary
The study was carried out in 1996-1998 on the pastures of the experimental farm of the Lithuanian Institute of Animal Science. The chemical composition of the pasture grass (DM content, protein, fibre, nitrogen-free extracts, sugar, fat, ash, Ca and P contents), its nutritive value (metabolizable energy MJ/ kg DM, feed units per 100 kg DM, digestible protein g/ FU), ratio of nutrients (sugar: protein, calcium: phosphorus) and productivity of the grass stand (metabolizable energy GJ/ ha, feed units per ha, digestible protein kg/ha) at two different levels of fertilization have been analysed. Depending on the weather conditions, the grass stand was used 4, 5 and 6 times per grazing season in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
The study showed that the grass of fertilized with N30P60K60 and unfertilized pastures mostly different by the content of protein, fibre, nitrogen-free-extracts, sugar, Ca and P and was less different by the content of dry matter, fat and ash. The ME-value per kg DM of the fertilized pasture grass was by 0.06 units higher in comparison with the unfertilized grass. The average output of feed units per 100 kg DM of unfertilized grass was by 1.6 units higher than that of fertilized grass. As regards the amount of digestible protein (no less than 110-115 g) per feed unit, both fertilized and unfertilized grass met the requirements of productive cows, however, this was not always the case with the rations of sugar and protein and calcium and phosphorus. The productivity of the unfertilized pasture was almost the same during the first two years (26.83 and 26.04 GJ/ha) and is the third year it was by 2.1-2.2 times higher. The productivity of the fertilized pasture increased every year, it was, respectively, 30.57, 49.39 and 97.02 GJ/ha. The pasture fertilized with N30x4P60K60 had by 1.6 times per ha higher level of metabolizable energy and feed units and by 1.9 times higher content of digestible protein compared with the unfertilized one.
Key words: mineral fertilizers, chemical composition of grass, nutritive value, pasture productivity
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.1.082.591.463.1
Influence of Diluent Components on Quality of Stallion Sperm at Different Stages of Cryopreservation
Vidmantas Pileckas, Algirdas Urbšys, Jonas Kutra,
Artūras Šiukščius, Rasa Nainienė
Summary
A possibility to use the same basic composition of diluents for the different stages of cryopreservation of stallion sperm was shown in the consequently carried out experiments. The 100 cc bidistilled aqueous solution of 10.5 g lactose and 0.2 g natrium citric should be used for the centrifugal concentration of spermatozoa. The same solution in due quantity with extra 10% egg yolk and 4% glycerol is recommended for dilution of spermatozoa concentrate before the freezing process.
Key words: stallion sperm, solution, concentration, freezing
Gyvulininkystė. Mokslo darbai, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.1.591.1
Investigation of biochemical loci PGD, PGM, GPI, HBA, PI and ES in žemaitukai and heavy-type žemaitukai horse breeds
Rytis Juras, Birutė Boveinienė, Virginija Jatkauskienė
Lietuvos gyvulininkystės institutas
Gus E. Cothran
Department of Veterinary Science, 102 Animal Pathology Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546-0099, KY, USA
Summary
The objectives for the study were for the first time to use different techniques for typing serum and red cell proteins in žemaitukai and heavy-type žemaitukai horse breed. Acidic and alkaline polyacrylamide gel, starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing were used to detect variation at the PGD, PGM, GPI, HBA, PI and ES protein loci. In the žemaitukai horses an allele we called T was frequent (0.267) at the serum carboxilesterase locus. This variant previously was observed in only three horses (of unrelated breeds) out of many thousands that have been tested prior to examination of žemaitukai.
Key words: allele, esterase, horse, polymorphism
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41 p.
UDK 636.1.082.44.591.18
TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY IN RUSSIAN HEAVY-DRAUGHT STALLIONS
E.A. Baigina and M.A. Gorbukov
Department of horse-breeding
Belorussian Research institute of animal husbandry
Zhodino, Minsk region, 222160
SUMMARY
The authors determined the types of higher nervous activity of the Russian heavy-draught breeding stallions by using the motor-food technique improved by the authors. The main measurements, constitutional features and behavior of the stallions have been also estimated. The results of the experiments show that stallions of different HNA types vary in behaviour, constitution and reproductive qualities. These features affect the efficiency of stallion usage in selection. The stallions of the strong steady agile and inert types are more preferable for breeding because they have better reproductive qualities, stronger constitution and more quiet behavior than sires of the other types of higher nervous activity.
Key words: behaviour, constitution, exterior, higher nervous activity (HNA), horsebreeding, index of constitution, measurements, reproductive qualities, Russian heavy-draught horse breed, stallion
Animal Husbandry. Scientific Articles, 2002, 41, p.
UDK 636.083
FORMATION OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION IN CATTLE AND PIG FARMS OF VARIOUS SIZES AND WITH DIFFERENT ANIMAL HOUSING AND MANURE HANDLING TECHNOLOGIES
Vytautas Ribikauskas, Gediminas Vaičionis
Summary
Lower concentration of ammonia in the air does not reduce emission into the environment. In this case, the amount of ammonia emitted from the surface area unit should be evaluated.
The study indicated that ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) emission from the surface of the manure conveyor in the stanchion house was highest and amounted to 98.1 mg/m2/h. Under the loose housing system, the highest NH3-N emission was registered from the stalls of cows, calves and heifers, respectively, 58.7; 68.3 and 88.8 mg/m2/h. Deep litter housing of pigs resulted in higher NH3-N emission that amounted to 70.0 and 75.5 mg/m2/h from, respectively, the floor surface in the pens of sows and weaned piglets. However, ammonia emission from the pens of weaned (and housed without bedding) and fattening pigs was, respectively, 59.3 and 65.1 mg/m2/h. Conclusions are done, that highest intensity of ammonia emission was in the zones of manure and slurry handling and the lowest in the zone of feed delivery.
Key words: ammonia, concentration, pollution, emission