ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry: Scientific Articles. 2011. 57. P. 18-27

UDK 636.3.082

APPLICATION OF INBREEDING IN RESTORATION OF THE FIRST FLOCK OF LITHUANIAN LOCAL COARSEWOOLED SHEEP

Birutė Zapasnikienė

Institute of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
R. Žebenkos str. 12, LT–82317 Baisogala, Radviliškis distr., Lithuania

ABSTRACT

In 1995, restoration of a flock of the almost extinct local coarsewooled sheep was
started at the Lithuanian Institute of Animal Science. In the expeditions throughout
Lithuania several most breed typical ewes and one ram were selected. In
1999, there were already 17 sheep inducing 8 ewes and 3 rams, and the flock was
recognized as pedigree. The number of sheep was increasing every year. In 2000,
the founders of 4 lines were selected and in 2001 there were four ewe families
established. Since 2006, the flock has numbered 100 sheep and in 2008 this flock
was approved as A category sheep breeding centre.
As the flock breeding started only from several sheep, it was difficult to
avoid inbreeding. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to analyse the changes
in the inbreeding level in the flock of local coarsewooled sheep in the period from
1995 till 2009. All the ewes and breeding rams were used in the study.
The study indicated that the formation of the local coarsewooled sheep was
highly influenced by close inbreeding. Moreover, at the start (1995-1999) the
pedigree of 13.33 % of animals was unknown, that of 46.47 % of animals halfknown
and 40.00 % of sheep were born as a result of very close inbreeding. With
the increasing number of sheep, the coefficient of inbreeding was decreasing. In
2000-2004, the inbreeding level decreased by 7.59 % and in 2005-2009 by additional
5.87 % in comparison with, respectively, 1995-1999 and 2000-2004 years.
Keywords: sheep, Lithuanian local coarsewooled, breeding, coefficient of
inbreeding

ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry: Scientific Articles. 2011. 57. P. 28-39

UDK 636.084

EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA INOCULANT ON FERMENTATION QUALITY AND AEROBIC STABILITY OF LEGUME-GRASS SILAGE

Jonas Jatkauskas, Vilma Vrotniakienė

Institute of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
R. Zebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliskis distr., Lithuania, e-mail: pts@lgi.lt

ABSTRACT

The effect of adding the inoculant BioStabil Plus (BIOMIN GmbH, Austria), a
blend of Enterococcus faecium (BIO 34, DSM 3530); Lactobacillus brevis (IFA
92, DSM 19456) and Lactobacillus plantarum (IFA 96, DSM 19457), to medium
wilted legume-grass silage was evaluated. Herbage was wilted to 320 g/kg/DM
and had mean crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate concentrations at
ensiling of 174 and 88 g/kg respectively.
Treatment with BioStabil Plus resulted in significantly higher (149.4 vs 159
g kg-1 DM; P<0.05) crude protein and (108.9 vs. 117.8 g kg-1 DM; P<0.01) digestible
protein concentrations. Inoculant treatment increased fermentation rate,
resulting in a significant (P<0.05) pH drop and in a significant (P<0.05) increase
of total fermentation acids concentration compared with control. The inoculant
produce higher (P<0.01) lactic acid content and numerically higher acetic acid
content compared with that of the control. Butyric acid and Ammonia N concentrations
were significantly (P<0.01) decreased by application of BioStabil
Plus. Dry matter loss values were significantly (P<0.01) lower for BioStabil Plus
treated grass-legume silages. Inoculated silage had a higher by 2.1 % (P<0.01)
digestible energy (DE) and a higher by 1.25 % (P<0.05) net energy lactation
(NEL) concentration, when compared to untreated silage. The inoculation of silage
with BioStabil Plus has shown to improve aerobic stability.
Keywords: legume-grass silage, inoculant, fermentation, DM loss, aerobic
stability

ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry: Scientific Articles. 2011. 57. P. 40-56

UDK 636.085

STUDIES OF THERMAL PROCESSED COMPOUND FEED USING DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES

Saulius Bliznikas¹, Virginijus Uchockis¹, Violeta Juškienė¹, Gintautas Švirmickas¹, Raimundas Matulaitis¹, Đuro Vukmirović², Nedeljka Spasevski², Radmilo Čolović<sup>2

1</sup> Institute of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
R. Zebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliskis distr., Lithuania, e-mail: lgi@lgi.lt

² Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad
21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Serbia

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different processing
technologies (pelleting, extrusion and expanding) and their different parameters
on the chemical composition of compound feeds, quantitative changes of amino
acids and true dry matter digestibility in vitro. All the above mentioned technologies
of compound feed processing were carried out at the Institute of Food Technology,
Novi Sad, Serbia. For this study the complete mixture for milking cows
was acquired. Mixture was made from corn, wheat meal, sunflower meal, soya
meal, limestone, dicalcium phosphate and premix. The analyses of the chemical
composition, amino acid content and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTD)
were carried out at the Institute of Animal Science of Lithuanian Veterinary University
of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania. The results of the study indicated
that different thermal processing technologies and different processing conditions
had influenced the content of dry matter (DM) in the feed. Consequently,
the content of some other nutrients (DM / crude protein r = 0.78; DM / NDF r =
0.90; DM / crude ash r = 0.70) had been also affected in the natural feed. There
was a tendency towards lowering crude fat content in all treatments, but the highest
crude fat content decrease have been found at extrusion (40.7-51.73 %) and
expanding (20.8-38.8 %), i.e. from 31.70 g/kg DM (control feed) to 15.30-18.8 g/
kg DM at extrusion and to 19.4-25.1 g/kg DM at expanding. No other significant
changes in the nutrient content have been found. There was a general tendency for lowering total amino acid content in the feeds treated using different thermal
technologies. The content of amino acids in the natural feed was even 10.2 %
lower due to feed pelleting through the die with the channels of 36 mm length
(diameter to length ratio 1:6). There was a significant decrease in total amino
acid content in extrusion treatment at 210 and 510 rpm (respectively 9.4 and 8.2
% lower). The lowest amino acid losses were determined at expanding of feeds
when the total content of amino acids decreased by 1.2 % (150 rpm) and 4.3 %
(90 rpm) depending on the chosen parameters of the expander. Feed expanding
and extrusion have impaired the ratio of essential and non-essential amino acids
which was found to be the lowest (0.74) when the feeds were expanded at 300
rpm speed and extruded at 510 rpm speed. Feed pelleting had insignificant effect
on the ratio of essential and non-essential amino acids in comparison with the
control untreated feed. None of the treatments had any influence on feed digestibility.
IVTD of thermally treated feeds was similar to that of the control feed and
varied from 83.71 to 85.58 %.
Keywords: thermal processing, pelleting, extrusion, expanding, chemical
composition, true dry matter digestibility

ISSN 1392–6144
Gyvulininkystė. Mokslo darbai. 2011. 57. P. 57-71

UDK 636.4.084

THE EFFECTS OF WHEAT BRAN-b-STARCH DEXTRIN SYRUP PELLETS ON THE GROWTH RATE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF PIGS

Raimondas Leikus, Violeta Juškienė, Remigijus Juška

Institute of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
R. Zebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliskis distr., Lithuania

ABSTRACT

At the Institute of Animal Science of Lithuanian University of Health Science a
feeding trial was conducted with Pietrain and German Landrace crossbred pigs to
determine the efficiency of wheat bran-b-starch dextrin syrup pellets in the diets
of fattening pigs.
The trial results indicated that barley replacement with 15 % of wheat branb-
starch dextrin syrup pellets in the compound feed of growing pigs (up to 60
kg weight) had worsened the growth of pigs, i. e. their daily gains were 23.6 %
(P=0.002) lower. However, there were no growth rate changes for the finishing
pigs (over 60 kg weight). Wheat bran-b-starch dextrin syrup pellets in the diets
for growing pigs increased the feed consumption per kg gain by 12.3 % and
feed intake decreased by 14.4 %. Finishing pigs fed the diets containing the pellets
consumed 3.6 % less feeds per kg gain and the daily amount of feed intake
was the same as that control pigs. Feeding pigs with wheat bran-b-starch dextrin
syrup pellets had no significant influence on the carcass quality.
In conclusion, no more than 15 % of with wheat bran-b-starch dextrin syrup
pellets are recommended to use in the compound feeds for finishing pigs (over 60
kg weight). These pellets are not recommended for feeding growing pigs as their
growth rate and feed consumption could be lower.
Keywords: wheat bran-b-starch dextrin syrup pellets, pig growth, feed consumption,
carcass quality

ISSN 1392-6144
Animal Husbandry: Scientific Articles. 2011. 57. P. 72-83

UDK 636.5.083

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF A BIO-HYGIENIZATION ADDITIVE IN DAIRY COW AND CALF BEDDING

Vytautas Ribikauskas, Ina Stuogė

Institute of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
R. Zebenkos str. 12, LT-82317 Baisogala, Radviliskis distr., Lithuania

Abstract

In 2010-2011 the investigation carried on the five dairy farms. The purpose of
the present study was to investigate the efficacy of a bio-hygienization additive
(on the basis of diatomite) on the composition and ammonia emission in bedding
(manure) of dairy cows and calves. Treated and control samples were kept
for 5 days at 15±1 and 2±1 oC. During that 5 day period on the regular basis was
measured ammonia emission from samples. In parallel other treated and control
samples were kept for 5 days at 15±1 oC and after that period of time following
chemical, physical and microbial composition of sample material were measured:
ammoniacal nitrogen, total nitrogen, moisture, number of Enterobacteriacea, total
microbial count, total count of mould fungi, organic nitrogen, pH and DM.
The study indicated that amount of nitrogen was higher; amounts of bacteria (Enterobacteriacea and total bacterial count), mould fungi and ammonia emission
was lower in treated bedding.
Key words: bio-hygienization additives, ammonia, nitrogen, diatomite,
dairy cows, calves

ISSN 1392–6144
Animal Husbandry: Scientific Articles. 2011. 57. P. 84-102

UDK 636.3.082

EMBRYO TRANSPLANTATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SHEEP BREEDING

Rasa Nainienė, Artūras Šiukščius, Birutė Zapasnikienė

Institute of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
R. Zebenkos str. 12, LT–82317 Baisogala, Radviliskis distr., Lithuania

ABSTRACT

The main elements of ewe embryo transfer techniques were developed more than
57 years ago. Though the application of this method in cattle breeding is widespread
but in sheep breeding embryo transfers are still sparse.
In this study the major stages of transfer techniques of ewe embryos produced
in vivo and in vitro are reviewed, i. e. donor selection, estrus synchronization,
superovulation inducement, insemination by laparotomic and laparoscopic methods,
embryo flushing, evaluation, cryopreservation and transfer to recipients. Besides,
worldwide changes regarding ewe embryo transfer in the last decade are
presented. This study also discusses embryo production in vitro technology: oocyte
maturation, fertilization, cultivation, short-time and long-time storage. The
effects of various factors on the response of superovulation, fertilization, embryo
survival after transfer are analyzed alongside with the advantages and disadvantages
of the ewe embryo transfer techniques and their application in sheep breeding.
Key words: ewes, embryos, transfer, superovulation